The Lord was born into a very contentious political situation
2000 years ago. Much like our own day Israel was not politically unified--there
were several political factions in our Lord’s day with whom he interacted. One of the groups was known as the
Zealots. Today, if someone called you a
zealot it would mean that they possess a great passion for some subject or
issue. Well, the Zealots of the 1st
century were passionate about their national and religious identity. They
wanted to overthrow the Roman occupying force; for the Zealots saw the Romans as
idolatrous and immoral tyrants who needed to be run out of Israel, for God had
given the holy land to the Jewish people, not to the Romans. There are a few
modern Jewish political parties who feel the same—that non-Jews have no place
in Israel.
Politically opposite the Zealots, were a group of Jews called
the Herodians—the party of King Herod. Herod was part-jew and part-pagan. He
wasn’t very religious, and in many ways, he was the puppet of the roman
emperor. Rome said jump and Herod asked,
“how high?” The Herodians would do anything to stay in power, even to betray
their religion and people.
A third group we hear a lot about in the Gospels were the
Pharisees known for their strict, scrupulous observances. It was the Pharisees
who were really running the religious show in 1st century Judea. Politically,
the Pharisees were willing to go along with whoever was in power as long as they
retained the freedom to practice their religion as they saw it. For many of the
Pharisees, religion was a façade. They wanted religious authority for the
purpose of control and financial gain.
In the Gospel today, we heard of two of these groups teaming
up against Jesus—how the Pharisees went off and plotted with
the Herodians how they might entrap Jesus. Certainly, a strange alliance—the
Pharisees, the religious purists, joining up with the morally and religious
compromised Herodians. Why would they do such a thing?
Well, it is clear from the Gospels why. The Pharisees saw
Jesus as a threat: he exposed their lies and undermined their power. Jesus
demonstrated that the Pharisees were more concerned with appearances and power
than actual holiness and righteous leadership. The Lord publicly accused the
Pharisees of misleading God’s people and lording religious authority by
imposing heavy religious burdens foreign, even antithetical, to God’s commands.
Today’s Gospel is one such instance of Jesus exposing their
hypocrisy. Even, the first word out of their mouth is hypocritical. They call
him Teacher. The intention of being taught. They didn’t come to him to learn,
but to trap. And their trap involved what they thought was a trick question. “Tell
us, what is your opinion: Is it lawful to pay the census tax to Caesar or
not?"
Now, there were a number of taxes Jews had to pay. There was the temple tax for the support of
the temple and the priests of the temple. There was the census tax: a tax most
Jews resented paying, as it financed the roman occupying force. St. Matthew,
remember, before he followed Christ, was a tax collector, a jew who collected
the census tax on behalf of Rome.
So, you can see the consequences of Jesus’ answer. If he said no, don’t pay the tax, the
Herodians would report him to the Roman authorities for encouraging
insurrection. If he said yes, pay the tax with the roman coin, the Zealots
would condemn him for being an enemy of the nation of Israel, and the Pharisees
would condemn him for a being an idolater, for Caesar claimed to be an
incarnate deity. It appeared to be the perfect trap.
But, then Jesus the teacher gives his answer. And the Lord’s answer is how we Christians
understand our relationship to whatever civic authority is over us.
“Repay to Caesar what belongs to Caesar, and to God what
belongs to God”. It’s an amazing answer,
demonstrating that religious truth runs deeper than political alliances. The
Lord’s teaching here demands that each individual be honest about what we
really owe to God and what we really owe to the state.
Do we owe religious worship and unquestioning obedience to
civil authorities or to politicians or political parties? No. Christians are to
be neither Zealots, Pharisees, or Herodians. We aren’t to overthrow the
government and make the Pope king, as the Zealots might propose. We aren’t to
compromise our faith for political expediency like the Herodians. Nor are we to
withdraw totally from worldly affairs like the Pharisees, lest we wake up one
day with our freedoms revoked by fascists and tyrants.
Give to the state what it deserves, and give to God what God
deserves. Give to Uncle Sam his due, as my grandfather used to say, for providing
for our domestic security, paving the roads and other authentic civil needs. If
we are going to benefit from society, we need to contribute to society. Give to
Caesar as long as Caesar does not demand we violate objective morality or right
religion. We even have a duty to keep Uncle Sam accountable for the legitimate
common good, and limiting government which has the tendency to overreach it’s
legitimate purview.
Pope Francis said it well: “We need to participate (in civic
life) for the common good…Sometimes we hear: a good Catholic is not interested
in politics. This is not true: good Catholics immerse themselves in politics by
offering the best of themselves."
In a few weeks, we will again be tasked with our civic duty
to vote. In voting, as in all things, we are to be guided by our Catholic faith.
Most of the time, no one politician embodies all of our Catholic values, and so
we have to do our best to vote for candidates and issues most in line with supporting
the moral teachings of our Catholic faith.
May God help us and bless our civic life.
Today’s Gospel is not just about politics though, or
understanding the forces which conspired to put our Lord to death. The Gospel urges
us in our individual duty to seek to give God the best that we possibly can in
all dimensions of our life. We are to give God faithfulness in our civic life,
yes, but also in cultivating our minds, our intellect, our creativity. We are
to give God our best effort in growing in prayer and holiness, and in understanding
our Catholic faith. We are to give God our best effort in welcoming the
stranger, feeding the hungry, instructing the ignorant, bridling our bodily
passions and fighting against temptation.
“Give to God what belongs to God” are challenging words
leading us to ask ourselves, “Am I giving to God everything God deserves and
asks for? Am I forgiving as God asks of me, am I patient as God asks of me, am
I self-controlled, generous, gentle, disciplined, attentive to the needs of my
family, the poor, my parish.”
God has asked that we love him with all of our heart, mind,
soul and strength, and to humbly admit and confess when we fail to do so? How’s
that going? The Lord certainly challenged the Pharisees, but he also challenges
each of us. His words cut through our illusions and delusions. He desires hearts,
not compromised with worldly interests and alliances, but hearts on fire with
holiness and love for God and neighbor.
May the Holy Spirit help each of us to “to give to Caesar
what belongs to Caesar and to give to God what belongs to God” that our land
and our families might flourish, that our souls might flourish unto eternity,
for the glory of God and the salvation of souls.






